Ahmad Rifaʾi (or Ripangi) - Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
General Material Designation
[Article]
First Statement of Responsibility
Steenbrink, Karel A.
.PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC
Place of Publication, Distribution, etc.
Leiden
Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.
Brill
GENERAL NOTES
Text of Note
(1,135 words)
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
Ahmad Rifaʾi (or Ripangi) (c. 1786-1876), one of the most radical Islamic reformers of nineteenth-century Java, was born in Kendal, Java, and died in exile in Ambon. Ripangi, as he is usually known in Java, was the sixth son of Raden Kyai Haji Muhammad Abu Sujak, also known by his Javanese name, Raden Sutawijaya, a penghulu (the highest level of religious official) in the Residency of Kendal. The position of penghulu in Kendal was subsequently held by a son of Sutawijaya's older brother, and it was this