Aal a wi da wan?: Cultural education, heritage, and citizenship in the Belizean state
[Thesis]
;supervisor: Pyburn, K. Anne
Indiana University: United States -- Indiana
: 2012
475 Pages
Ph.D.
This dissertation is an ethnographic examination of the state through the domains of cultural education and heritage practices in Belize. I explore state ideologies about national identity, cultural diversity, and citizenship that are filtered and reinforced through education and heritage practices. I analyze the impacts of these state ideologies on the cultural production of young citizens in two Belizean communities. I demonstrate how cultural difference is managed in educational contexts and show that some cultural education emphasizes certain cultural groups and practices over others. I also address the ways heritage ideologies embedded in heritage management practices such as archaeological practice and tourism limit definitions of and engagement with different forms of cultural heritage. Youth and teachers consume and interpret state messages and social structures and inequalities are replicated. However, as active cultural agents, youth and teachers transform and respond to these state ideologies as well. I provide examples of the ways youth, teachers, and other community leaders negotiate and challenge state messages and I discuss unique forms of heritage represented in various cultural practices. This research was conducted in government elementary schools in two rural Kriol villages in north-central Belize and incorporated youth, teachers, and national actors involved in education, the tourism industry, and heritage management. Through my analysis of state messages and local responses, I found that reified concepts of culture and heritage were tools utilized by the state and citizens to fight for the sustainability of cultural traditions in the face of extant racial and economic inequalities and the perceived homogenizing effects of globalization. Youth perspectives contribute to our understandings of local, national, and global processes related to cultural diversity, heritage, and national development.