Field -- Discretization of Governing Equations -- Cohesive Crack Growth Based on the Stress Criterion -- Cohesive Constitutive Law -- Crack Growth Criterion and Crack Growth Direction -- Numerical Integration Scheme -- Cohesive Crack Growth Based on the SIP Criterion -- The Enrichment of Displacement Field -- The Condition for Smooth Crack Closing -- Crack Growth Criterion and Crack Growth Direction -- Cohesive Crack Growth Based on the Cohesive Segments Method -- The Enrichment of Displacement Field -- Cohesive Constitutive Law -- Crack Growth Criterion and Its Direction for Continuous Crack Propagation -- Crack Growth Criterion and Its Direction for Discontinuous Crack Propagation -- Numerical Integration Scheme -- Application of X-FEM Method in Cohesive Crack Growth -- A Three-Point Bending Beam with Symmetric Edge Crack -- A Plate with an Edge Crack under Impact Velocity -- A Three-Point Bending Beam with an Eccentric Crack -- Ductile Fracture Mechanics with a Damage-Plasticity Model in X-FKM -- Introduction -- Large FE Deformation Formulation -- Modified X-FEM Formulation -- Large X-FI-M Deformation Formulation -- The Damage-Plasticity Model -- The Nonlocal Gradient Damage Plasticity -- Ductile Fracture with X-FEM Plasticity Model -- Ductile Fracture with X-FEM Non-Local Damage-Plasticity Model -- Crack Initiation and Crack Growth Direction -- Crack Growth with a Null Step Analysis -- Crack Growth with a Relaxation Phase Analysis -- Locking Issues in Crack Growth Modeling -- Application of X-FEM Damage-Plasticity Model -- The Kecking Problem -- The CT Test -- The Double Notched Specimen -- Dynamic Large X-FKM Deformation Formulation -- The Dynamic X-FEM Discretization -- The Large Strain Model -- The Contact Friction Model -- The Time Domain Discretization: The Dynamic Explicit Central Difference Method -- Implementation of Dynamic X-FFM Damage-Plasticity Model -- A Plate with an Inclined Crack -- The Low Cycle Fatigue Test -- The Cyclic CT Test -- The Double Notched Specimen in Cyclic Loading -- X-FKM Modeling of Saturated/Semi-Saturated Porous Media -- Introduction -- Governing Equations of Dcformable Porous Media -- The X-PF.M Formulation of Deformable Porous Media with Weak Discontinuities -- Approximation of Displacement and Pressure Fields -- Vie X-FEM Spatial Discretization -- The Time Domain Discretization and Solution Procedure -- Numerical Integration Scheme -- Application of the X-FEM Method in Deformable Porous Media with Arbitrary Interfaces -- An Elastic Soil Column -- An Elastic Foundation -- Modeling Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Deformable Porous Media -- Governing Equations of a Fractured Porous Medium -- The Weak Formulation of a Fractured Porous Medium -- The X-FEM Formulation of Deformable Porous Media with Strong Discontinuities --
Introduction -- Introduction -- An Enriched Finite Element Method -- A Review on X-FEM: Development and Applications -- Coupling X-FEM with the Level-Set Method -- Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) -- Cohesive Fracture Mechanics -- Composite Materials and Material Inhomogeneities -- Plasticity, Damage, and Fatigue Problems -- Shear Band Localization -- Fluid-Structure Interaction -- Fluid Flow in Fractured Porous Media -- Fluid Flow and Fluid Mechanics Problems -- Phase Transition and Solidification -- Thermal and Thermo-Mechanical Problems -- Plates and Shells -- Contact Problems -- Topology Optimization -- Piezoelectric and Magneto-Electroelastic Problems -- Multi-Scale Modeling -- Extended Finite Element Formulation -- Introduction -- The Partition of Unity Finite Element Method -- The Enrichment of Approximation Space -- Intrinsic Enrichment -- Extrinsic Enrichment -- The Basis of X-FEM Approximation -- The Signed Distance Function -- The Heaviside Function -- Blending Elements -- Governing Equation of a Body with Discontinuity -- The Divergence Theorem for Discontinuous Problems -- The Weak form of Governing Equation -- The X-FEM Discretization of Governing Equation -- Numerical Implementation of X-FEM Formulation -- Numerical Integration Algorithm -- Application of X-FEM in Weak and Strong Discontinuities -- Modeling an Elastic Bar with a Strong Discontinuity -- Modeling an Elastic Bar with a Weak Discontinuity -- Modeling an Elastic Plate with a Crack Interface at its Center -- Modeling an Elastic Plate with a Material Interface at its Center -- Higher Order X-FEM -- Implementation of X-FEM with Higher Order Elements -- Higher Order X-FEM Modeling of a Plate with a Material Interface -- Higher Order X-FEM Modeling of a Plate with a Curved Crack Interface -- Enrichment Elements -- Introduction -- Tracking Moving Boundaries -- Level Set Method -- Numerical Implementation of LSM -- Coupling the LSM with X-FEM -- Fast Marching Method -- Coupling the FMM with X-FEM -- X-FEM Enrichment Functions -- Bimuterials, Voids, and Inclusions -- Strong Discontinuities and Crack Interfaces -- Brittle Cracks -- Cohesive Cracks -- Plastic Fracture Mechanics -- Multiple Cracks -- Fracture in Bimaterial Problems -- Polycrystalline Microstructure -- Dislocations -- Shear Band Localization -- Blending Elements -- Introduction -- Convergence Analysis in the X-FEM -- Ill-Conditioning in the X-FEM Method -- One-Dimensional Problem with Material Interface -- Blending Strategies in X-FEM -- Enhanced Strain Method -- An Enhanced Strain Blending Element for the Ramp Enrichment Function -- An Enhanced Strain Blending Element for Asymptotic Enrichment Functions -- The Hierarchical Method -- A Hierarchical Blending Element for Discontinuous Gradient Enrichment -- A Hierarchical Blending Element for Crack Tip Asymptotic Enrichments -- The Cutoff Function Method -- The Weighted Function Blending Method -- A Variant of the Cutoff Function Method -- A DG X-FEM Method -- Implementation of Some Optimal X-FEM Type Methods -- A Plate with a Circular Hole at Its Centre -- A Plate with a Horizontal Material Interface -- The Finer Reinforced Concrete in Uniaxial Tension -- Pre-Conditioning Strategies in X-FEM -- Béchet's Pre Conditioning Scheme -- Menk-Hordas Pre-Conditioning Scheme -- Large X-FEM Deformation -- Introduction -- Large FE reformation -- The Lagrangian Large X-FEM Deformation Method -- The Enrichment of Displacement Field -- The Large X-FEM Deformation Formulation -- Numerical Integration Scheme -- Numerical Modeling of Large X-FEM Deformations -- Modeling an Axial liar with a Weak Discontinuity -- Modeling a Plate with the Material Interface -- Application of X-FEM in Large Deformation Problems -- Die-Pressing with a Horizontal Material Interface -- Die-Pressing with a Rigid Central Core -- Closed Die Pressing of a Shaped-Tablet Component -- The Extended Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian FEM -- ALE Formulation -- Kinematics -- ALE Governing Equations -- The Weak Form of ALE Formulation -- The AIM FE Discretization -- The Uncoupled ALE Solution -- Material (Lagrangian) Phase -- Smoothing Pluise -- Convection (Eulerian) Phase -- The X-ALE-FEM Computational Algorithm -- Level Set Update -- Stress Update with Sub-Triangular Numerical Integration -- Stress Update with Sub-Quadrilateral Numerical Integration -- Application of the X-ALE-FEM Model -- The Coining Test -- A Plate in Tension -- Contact Friction Modeling with X-FEM -- Introduction -- Continuum Model of Contact Friction -- Contact Conditions: The Kuhn Tucker Rule -- Plasticity Theory of Friction -- Continuum Tangent Matrix of Contact Problem -- X FFM Modeling of the Contact Problem -- The Gauss-Green Theorem for Discontinuous Problems -- The Weak Form of Governing Equation for a Contact Problem -- The Enrichment of Displacement Field -- Modeling of Contact Constraints via the Penalty Method -- Modeling of an Elastic Bar with a Discontinuity at Its Center -- Modeling of an Elastic Plate with a Discontinuity at Its Center -- Modeling of Contact Constraints via the Lagrange Multipliers Method -- Modeling the Discontinuity in an Elastic Bar -- Modeling the Discontinuity in an Elastic Plate -- Modeling of Contact Constraints via the Augmented-Lagrange Multipliers Method 241 6.6.! Modeling an Elastic Bar with a Discontinuity -- Modeling an Elastic Plate with a Discontinuity -- X-FEM Modeling of Large Sliding Contact Problems -- Large Sliding with Horizontal Material Interfaces -- Application of X-FEM Method in Frictional Contact Problems -- An Elastic Square Plate with Horizontal Interface -- Imposing the Unilateral Contact Constraint -- Modeling the Frictional Stick-Slip Behavior -- A Square Plate with an Inclined. Crack -- A Double-Clamped Beam with a Central Crack -- A Rectangular Block with an S-Shaped Frictional Contact Interface -- Linear Fracture Mechanics with the X-FEM Technique -- Introduction -- The Basis of LEFM -- Energy Balance in Crack Propagation -- Displacement and Stress Fields at the Crack Tip Area -- The SIFs -- Governing Equations of a Cracked Body -- The Enrichment of Displacement Field -- Discretization of Governing Equations -- Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation Criteria -- The Maximum Circumferential Tensile Stress Criterion -- The Minimum Strain Energy Density Criterion -- The Maximum Energy Release Rate -- Crack Growth Simulation with X-FEM -- Numerical Integration Scheme -- Numerical Integration of Contour J-Integral -- Application of X-FEM in Linear Fracture Mechanics -- X-FEM Modeling of a DCB -- An Infinite Plate with a Finite Crack in Tension -- An Infinite Plate with an Inclined Crack -- A Plate with Two Holes and Multiple Cracks -- Curved Crack Modeling with X-FEM -- Modeling a Curved Center Crack in an Infinite Plate -- X-FEM Modeling of a Bimaterial Interface Crack -- The Interfacial Fracture Mechanics -- The Enrichment of the Displacement Field -- Modeling of a Center Crack in an Infinite Bimaterial Plate -- Cohesive Crack Growth with the X-FEM Technique -- Introduction -- Governing Equations of a Cracked Body -- The Enrichment of Displacement.
Approximation of the Displacement and Pressure Fields -- Die X-FEM Spatial Discretization -- The Time Donutin Discretization and Solution Procedure -- Alternative Approaches to Fluid Row Simulation within the Fracture -- A Partitioned Solution Algorithm for Interfacial Pressure -- A Time Dependent Constant Pressure Algorithm -- Application of the X-FEM Method in Hydraulic Fracture Propagation of Saturated Porous Media -- An Infinite Saturated Porous Medium with an Inclined Crack -- Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in an Infinite Poroelastic Medium -- Hydraulic Fracturing in a Concrete Gravity Dam -- X-FEM Modeling of Contact Behavior in Fractured Porous Media -- Contact Behavior in a Fractured Medium -- X-FFM Formulation of Contact along the Fracture -- Consolidation of a Porous Block with a Vertical Discontinuity -- Hydraulic Fracturing in Multi-Phase Porous Media with X-FEM -- Introduction -- The Physical Model of Multi-Phase Porous Media -- Governing Equations of Multi-Phase Porous Medium -- The X-FEM Formulation of Multi-Phase Porous Media with Weak Discontinuities -- Approximation of the Primary Variables -- Discretization of Equilibrium and Flow Continuity Equations -- Solution Procedure of Discretized Equilibrium Equations -- Application of X-FEM Method in Multi-Phase Porous Media with Arbitrary Interfaces -- The X-FEM Formulauon for Hydraulic Fracturing in Multi-Phase Porous Media -- Discretization of Multi-Phase Governing Equations with Strong Discontinuities -- Solution Procedure for Fully Coupled Nonlinear Equations -- Computational Note? in Hydraulic Fracture Modeling -- Application of the X-FEM Method to Hydraulic fracture Propagation of Multi Phase Porous Media -- Thermo-Hydro Mechanical Modeling of Porous Media with X-FEM -- Introduction -- THM Governing Equations of Saturated Porous Media -- Discontinuities in a THM Medium -- The X-FEM Formulation of THM Governing Equations -- Approximation of Displacement, Pressure, and Temperature Fields -- The X-FEM Spatial Discretization -- The Time Domain Discretization -- Application of the X-FEM Method to THM Behavior of Porous Media -- A Plate with an Inclined Crack in Thermal Loading -- A Plate with an Edge Crack in Thermal Loading -- An Impermeable Discontinuity in Saturated Porous Media -- An Inclined Fault in Porous Media