Studying life -- The chemistry of life -- Macromolecules and the origin of life -- Cells: the working units of life -- The dynamic cell membrane -- Energy, enzymes, and metabolism -- Pathways that harvest chemical energy -- Photosynthesis: energy from sunlight -- Chromosomes, the cell cycle, and cell division -- Genetics: Mendel and beyond -- DNA and its role in heredity -- From DNA to protein: genotype to phenotype -- The genetics of viruses and prokaryotes -- The eukaryotic genome and its expression -- Cell signaling and communication -- Recombinant DNA and biotechnology --Genome sequencing, molecular biology and medicine -- Immunology: gene expression and natural systems -- Differential gene expression in development -- Development and evolutionary change -- The history of life on earth -- The mechanisms of evolution -- Species and their formation -- The evolution of genes and genomes -- Reconstructing and using phylogenies -- Bacteria and archaea: the prokaryotic domains -- The origin and diversification of the eukaryotes -- Plants without seeds: from sea to land -- The evolution of seed plants -- Fungi: recyclers, pathogens, parasites, and plant partners -- Animal origins and the evolution of body plans -- Protostome animals -- Deuterostome animals -- The plant body -- Transport in plants -- Plant nutrition -- Regulation of plant growth -- Reproduction in flowering plants -- Plant responses to environmental challenges -- Physiology, homeostasis, and temperature -- Animal hormones -- Animal reproduction -- Animal development: from genes to organisms -- Neurons and nervous systems -- Sensory systems -- The mammalian nervous system: structure and higher function -- Effectors: how animals get things done -- Gas exchange in animals -- Circulatory systems -- Nutrition, digestion, and absorption -- Salt and water balance and nitrogen excretion -- Ecology and the distribution of life -- Behavior and behavioral ecology -- Population ecology -- Community ecology -- Ecosystems and global ecology -- Conservation biology.